The history of Singapore St John and Lazarus Island

Singapore · Southern Islands

The history of Singapore St John and Lazarus Island

From Orang Laut fishing ground to imperial ammunition dump, quarantine station, opium rehab and the last quiet anchorage south of the skyline — the full story of the two islands at the edge of Singapore.

Scroll · 1600 → today

A four-century timeline

An island paradise — and an old gravesite, a quarantine station, and a prison.

The Southern Islands are the rare corner of Singapore where the city stops. Crystal water, white sand, a cat colony, an artificial horseshoe lagoon — and underneath, a layered past that most visitors never hear about. Maps, archives and newspaper clippings disagree, anecdotes contradict each other, and a fair share of the story is genuinely lost. What’s left is still worth telling. Here is how four centuries shaped what St John and Lazarus look like today — and why the only way to truly experience them is by private yacht in Singapore.

1906 hydrological map of Singapore showing the Southern Islands

Chapter 01 · Early discovery

Mapped, but barely touched

The two islands appear on European and Chinese maps from 1604, but the Orang Laut had already settled — fishing, sailing, and weaving the local folklore that still shapes the islands’ identity.

Legend tells of two deer that swam ashore from the southern coast of Singapore, parted ways, and gave their names to the islands: Pulau Sakijang Bendera and Pulau Sakijang Pelepah — the islands of “One Barking Deer & Flags” and “One Barking Deer & Palms.”

Historical illustration of colonial-era Singapore

Chapter 02 · Imperial conquest

28 January 1819 — Raffles arrives

When Sir Stamford Raffles landed and turned Singapore into a strategic port, St John’s was repurposed almost immediately as an ammunition dump.

The westernised names probably belong to this era too. Two theories survive: Raffles may have honoured two missionaries travelling with him, or the British simply misheard “Sekijang” as “St John” from maps drafted before they ever set foot ashore.

Archive photograph of the St John's Island quarantine station

Chapter 03 · Quarantine island

The world’s busiest quarantine station

As Singapore grew, so did the diseases passing through its port. The St John’s Quarantine Facility opened to hold immigrants and travellers arriving by sea — and quickly became one of the largest stations in the world, with over 6,000 people on the island at peak.

With volume came mortality. Lazarus, just across the water, was designated as the burial ground.

Old derelict building on St John's Island reclaimed by vegetation

Chapter 04 · The fires

Two fires erase the archive

Two fires — in 1902 and 1914 — wiped out the cemetery on Lazarus and most of the abandoned quarantine buildings on St John’s. Newspaper reports from the time also mention prison sheds briefly used to house inmates. The idea was abandoned after the first escape.

Today only a handful of derelict structures and a few rusted barbed-wire fences remain, swallowed by the vegetation that grew back over everything.

Vintage photograph of the opium rehabilitation centre on St John's Island

Chapter 05 · Opium rehabilitation

From quarantine to recovery

Singapore had been a key node in the opium trade, and by the end of WWII the city counted more than 16,000 registered addicts. The government banned opium and the smoking tools in 1945.

A decade later, St John’s reopened — this time as a rehabilitation centre, with therapy and skills training instead of confinement.

1960s photograph of wooden stilt houses on St John's and Lazarus Island

Chapter 06 · Island life

44 houses, 400 people, one television set

The first photographs of life on the islands date from the 1960s — wooden cabins on stilts, zinc roofs, and two small schools whose pupils kept breaking Singapore’s national swimming records.

The Lazarus Girls, local guides during this period, described an island of “44 houses and 400 people.” That community was relocated to mainland Singapore in the late 1970s.

View of St John's Island from the sea, with Sentosa in the distance

Chapter 07 · The next Sentosa

A planned beach resort

As global tourism boomed, Singapore eyed Lazarus and St John’s as the next Sentosa. The Sentosa Development Corporation took over the Southern Islands and put roughly $11 million into land reclamation.

Much of it went into connecting Lazarus to two smaller neighbouring islands at its northern tip.

Newspaper clipping promoting Lazarus Island as Treasure Island

Chapter 08 · Treasure Island

The resort that never opened

Lazarus was rebranded “Treasure Island” and pitched to investors. More than thirty development concepts were proposed in the years that followed.

None of them was ever built. The land sat — and still sits — as it was left.

Aerial view of Lazarus Lagoon, the artificial horseshoe beach

Chapter 09 · The quiet redesign

A causeway, a lagoon, a careful return

Through the early 2000s, Singapore reshaped the islands as a discreet day retreat. A causeway was built between St John’s and Lazarus — fifteen minutes on foot. The horseshoe Lazarus Lagoon was carved out of the coastline as an entirely artificial beach.

Chalets and basic housing were added on St John’s. On

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